Magistral pipelines are pipe systems with a diameter of up to 1450 mm. transporting various energy – and heat carriers to the place of their consumption. Such highways are most often laid underground, which increases the safety of transportation and service life of such a pipeline.
Modern main pipelines are large integrated systems that provide the main transport function of pipes. In addition to the pipeline, the complex includes structures, lines and substations providing repairs, corrosion and electrical protection, fire safety, outbuildings, head control centers, as well as their own power lines for servicing pipelines. The complex also includes premises and structures for emergency discharge of products and condensate, storage stations of products.
Stages of designing pipelines
The beginning of the process begins with the collection of information and conduct a large number of geo-, hydrochlorical research, as well as collecting geographical and economic data in the area where construction is planned. How necessary and justified the construction of the highway is and whether it is needed by consumers. Based on these and some other data, a package of technical documentation is drawn up, which forms the basis of a feasibility study for the construction of the pipeline.
As a result, the diameter of the pipes, working pressure and the required number of pumping stations are calculated, also receive the estimated estimate and comparison of the economic feasibility of using the pipeline compared to other methods of transportation.
As soon as the technical and economic justification is ready, they give out a task for the proper design of the pipeline. It should indicate the purpose, annual bandwidth, breakdown by queues and construction schedule indicating the initial, intermediate and end stations, as well as the properties of transported products.
All data specified in the task must be reflected in the project. At the stage of technical design, research and research are carried out, technological and engineering solutions are being developed, issues related to environmental protection and legal nuances are resolved.
Laying trunk pipelines
On existing SNiPs, pipelines should be held underground. The minimum power of the pipes depends on their diameter and is in the range of 0.8-1 m. In the event of insurmountable obstacles, a small part of them can rise above the soil on embankments or supports. Technical corridors of the pipeline cannot serve as additional ways for laying other communications, but can be adjacent to other highways.
The pipeline route should be safe, available for repair and maintenance, safe for settlements and the environment. For laying, use pipes made of high -quality low -alloy steel, which has passed 100% non -destructive control (for example, ultrasound). They are produced by various diameters for different throughput, and their length ranges from 10-11 m. The pipe may have and not have a weld seam. In this case, the seam itself should be equal in terms of strength itself. The parameter of curvature is determined not by a large 1.5 mm per 1 m length.
The pipeline cannot pass within any settlements, industrial enterprises, port airfields or marinas. It is forbidden to use as technological, transport or other other corridors not intended for the highway.