When creating and arranging housing, official and public premises, it is necessary to solve various issues, in t. h. and waterproofing of premises and structures. Traditionally for these purposes, bitumen materials are used. Hidden from sunlight, they are able to resist moisture for many years. Modification of bitumens with acrylic polymers, butodenistal and acrystrolic copolymers, with a low cost of the materials received, gives them elasticity, the ability to significant deformations, increases frost resistance, atmospheric resistance, durability and reliability. Bituman-polymeric materials created on their basis compete and complement acrylic, thiocol and silicone sealants.
In recent years, trying to simplify the technology of waterproofing work, to expand the scope of the use of bitumen-containing materials and giving tribute to the requirements of the ecology, water-emulsion bitumen-polymeric materials have been created. Among them is the domestic mastic Mabis and its more modern analogue – Hydromeb mastic adapted to rapidly spreading construction technologies using materials from gypsum, in particular drywall. Both mastics – These are the fluids of black (or almost black) color, moistening concrete, gypsum, brick, steel, wood and paper well. When applying a brush (or spray) on the surface of structures or premises, mastics quickly dry, forming a black film-cover. To create reliable waterproofing, it is necessary to apply 2-3 layers of mastic, which provides a coating thickness of 0.4-1.0 mm. The coating dries quickly enough – at a humidity of not more than 70% and temperature (20±2)°From enough 6-24 hours. The waterproofing and mechanical properties of coatings obtained from mastics of Mabis and hydromeb differ slightly.
When creating coatings, in cases where the mastic is applied to hygroscopic materials, the strength of which is significantly reduced in the presence of moisture, special attention should be paid to the first layer. Such a substrate (t. e. The material on which the coating is applied) quickly absorbs moisture from mastic and after 0.5-2 hours a film forms on it, which, having limited vapor permeability, further restrains moisture removal from the substrate. In these cases, you should not rush with the application of subsequent layers, and the first layer should be minimal thickness (for which you can add a little to the mastic, up to 20%, water). When applying subsequent layers, their thickness can be increased. Moreover, if the mastic (often Mabis) is poorly held on vertical or inclined surfaces and its thixotropia (or viscosity) must be increased, then 1-3% of table salt can be added to it, this will not affect the coating properties, but the mastic after such additives should be used in the next 2-4 hours.
At the end of the drying, films-covers have a strength of about 4.5 kgmin.
One of the features of mastic is that they are half the water. When they are used as adhesive material, it is necessary to solve the issue of removing water vapor from the gluing zone. This is possible, in particular, if at least one of the glued materials is permeable to water or its vapors, and it is better to apply mastic not with a continuous layer, but with separate points or thin stripes (using a gear spatula). The gluing strength gains its strength gradually, as it dries.
Modern technologies for waterproofing building structures and their elements, as a rule, provide for the use of the primer – technological material, the application of which strengthens and partially dilutes the surface of the structure, increases adhesion to it by waterproofing materials, as which are more often used rolled materials (polymer, melted bitumen and bitumen-polymer). When laying roller-melted bitumino-containing materials, Bituman-polymer emulsion mastic Mabis found the use of the primer. In this case, before application, Mabis should be diluted with drinking water in an amount of 50-100% of its volume. You can apply a primer with a rowing with an elastic (rubber) insert to level it, a wide spatula or spraying. Material consumption – 0.5-1.0 liters per square meter. Such material moistens well and strengthens almost any soil. The drying time of the primer layer is determined primarily by the speed of vapor of water. In summer, on dry ground and open air it is from 0.5 to 6 hours. The absence of mastic in the mastic of organic solvents simplifies work with it, – These works are not presented with increased fire safety measures.
Mastics, according to sanitary-hygienic conclusions, are intended:
mastic «Mabis», TU 5775-008-42788835-99 – for the device and repair of roofs, external waterproofing of building structures and protection against corrosion of metal structures;
mastic «Hydromeb», TU 5775-010-42788835-01 – for the device and repair of external and internal waterproofing of building structures, for products and surfaces made of drywall, gypsum plasters, for the general waterproofing of basements, foundations, balconies.