Each cycle of work in construction provides its own machines and mechanisms. Let’s try to figure out in general terms, which of them are most often involved in production and what exactly they are intended to perform.
The construction of buildings and structures is divided into several stages:
Organization of the construction site.
Earthwork.
The work of the zero cycle.
Building the frame of the building in tiers.
The building coating device.
Installation of the enclosing wall structures.
External finishing work.
Internal finishing work.
Improvement, cleaning of the building site.
To organize a construction site, the following mechanisms are used: trucks of various carrying capacity and length, carcans, bulldozer, loader. The task of the cycle is to protect the site and hazardous areas on it, mark and lay temporary roads, install temporary households, warehouse wagons, arrange platforms and store materials. In this case, lease of special. technology is produced for the period from the stage of organization of construction site to the moment when a particular mechanism performs all tasks in the construction of this facility. For example, bulldozer and cargo cars will be used from the first to the last day. The cost of engagement of machines is calculated by the total service life.
Earthwork includes: cutting the upper layer of soil, layout, removal of the soil from the pit, dump of the earth, the performance of the communications and the backfill of the earth after the execution of underground structures. The stage requires: bulldozers, excavators, forklifts, trucks, a carcans, vibration placers, vibration channels and others. At the same time, the rental of excavators and other mechanisms can break through days and hours, which makes it possible to attract rare mechanisms with intervals in time, and not for a whole development period.
The processes of the zero cycle are the construction of underground structures of foundations, communications, their decoration and overlap. Depending on the structures for the bases and foundations, the following materials are used: concrete, slag, gravel or sand, reinforcing frames, formwork panels, formwork slabs and other temporary structures, ready -made factory reinforced concrete elements. To submit these materials to the site, you need: concrete mixer, car crane or tower crane, tanning rod, trucks or long -range. For concrete work, concrete vibro -accumulators, mechanisms for supplying concrete, crane are needed for concrete work. For sealing at the bottom of the pit of the pounds, spraying layers are used vibro -windows. To assemble reinforcing frames, you need a power tool and a welding machine.
The frame of the building consists, as a rule, of small -piece elements or factory reinforced concrete plates and panels. All types of materials are supplied to the desired tier by a car jacket from a vehicle or a platform for storage of elements. Concrete supply is made from concrete mixers or using its own concrete node. A welding machine is necessarily involved in the docking of the supporting elements. Installation of roof elements use the same mechanisms. Plastering compositions and materials for finishing work can be supplied to the windows using a crane or a winch installed on the roof.
At the same time, reverse backfill, cleaning of the construction site, disassembly of temporary structures are carried out using the same machines with which the processes of organizing the development section were performed: rental of a bulldozer, auto -crane, loader, excavator, long -termer and so on.
So the operation of machines and mechanisms in construction looks in general terms.